The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.